SeaWaves Today in History February 1, 2008 ********************************************************************* February 1 ? HM MTB-307 (PT-49 USN BPT-1) Sold Italian Navy Feb 1947 as GIS-019 ? HM MTB-315 (PT-57 USN BPT-9) Sold Italian Navy Feb 1947 as GIS-020 ? 1806 - George III renamed the Naval Academy at Portsmouth the Royal Naval College ? 1829 - HMS Black Joke captured a Spanish slave-ship off West Africa ? 1861 - Texas voted to secede from the Union ? 1871 - Using his administrative authority, Secretary of the Treasury George S. Boutwell reestablished a Revenue Marine Bureau and assigned Sumner I. Kimball as the civilian Chief with the duty of administering both the revenue cutters and the life-saving stations ? 1873 - The Royal Naval College opened at its new location at Greenwich ? 1910 - Submarine HMS C35 & C36 completed ? 1915 - Patrol vessel HMCS Baleine commissioned ? 1915 - Submarines HMS E53 & E54 laid down ? 1915 - Submarine HMS H10 launched ? 1916 - Battleships HMS Malaya & Revenge commissioned ? 1916 - Submarine HMS W3 completed ? 1916 - Submarine HMS E41 completed ? 1917 - Destroyer HMS Vidette laid down ? 1917 - Germany commenced "unrestricted" submarine warfare against merchant shipping ? 1917 - Submarine HMS K2, K6, K11 & K7 completed ? 1917 - Submarine HMS E48 completed ? 1918 - Destroyer HMS Winchester launched ? 1918 - Submarine HMS E50 mined & sunk in North Sea ? 1919 - Commander Victor Lorck is appointed the 1st Danish Naval Attaché at the Royal Danish Legation in London ? 1920 - Royal Canadian Mounted Police came into existence ? 1921 - King County deeds Sand Point Airfield to US Navy ? 1924 - Great Britain acknowledges the Soviet government ? 1925 - Destroyer FS L'Alcyon laid down ? 1926 - Destroyer FS Tigre commissioned ? 1927 - Heavy cruiser HMS Sussex laid down ? 1930 - Destroyer FS Vauban launched ? 1930 - Heavy cruiser USS Augusta launched ? 1932 - Japanese warships shelled Nanking ? 1935 - Soviet submarine SC-206 launched ? 1936 - U-20 commissioned ? 1938 - Minesweeper HMCS Nootka laid down Esquimalt BC ? 1938 - The Lighthouse Service Radio Laboratory was moved from the shops of the lighthouse depot in Detroit, MI, "to the Lazaretto Lighthouse Depot in Baltimore, Md., where a building had been constructed providing more adequately for this Important branch of the work of the Service" ? 1940 - Corvettes HMCS Collingwood, Orillia, Barrie, Galt, Moose Jaw, Battleford, Drumheller, The Pas, Cobalt, Kenogami, Algoma, Rosthern, Morden, Kamsack Oakville & Weyburn ordered ? 1940 - Swedish SS Fram sunk by U-13 at 57.43N, 02.06W ? 1940 - At 2044, the unescorted MS Ellen M was torpedoed &sunk by U-59 NE of Lowestoft. The master & six crewmembers were lost ? 1940 - U-10 had to abort patrol due to some technical problems & reached the German base at Heligoland ? 1940 - Escort carrier HMS Activity laid down ? 1940 - Battleship USS Alabama laid down ? 1940 - U-110, U-559, U-560 laid down ? 1940 - US freighter SS Exminster is detained by British authorities at Gibraltar; the freighters SS Exochorda, detained since ? 30 January, and SS Jomar, detained since 31 January, are released ? 1940 - Japan makes a diplomatic protest to the British government concerning the removal of 21 German nationals from the Japanese liner SS Asama Maru by cruiser HMS Gloucester and demands they be returned ? 1940 - President Franklin D. Roosevelt writes to the British First Lord of the Admiralty Winston S. Churchill, concerning the detention of US merchantmen, and frankly informs him of adverse American reaction to the British policy. “The general feeling is,” Roosevelt informs Churchill, "that the net benefit to your people and the French is hardly worth the definite annoyance caused to us" ? 1941 - Heavy cruiser KMS Admiral Hipper sails from Brest ? 1941 - The 1st Marine Division is activated aboard battleship USS Texas. USMC expansion occurs as the 1st and 2d Marine Brigades are brought up to division strength ? 1941 - Construction of Fort Greely on Kodiak Island, Alaska begins. The base is built as a coast defense base for the naval base on the island and is designed to accommodate 236 officers and 5, 592 enlisted men ? 1941 - Admiral Husband E. Kimmel, former Commander Cruisers Battle Force, relieves Admiral JO Richardson as Commander in Chief US Fleet (CINCUS) in the battleship USS Pennsylvania at Pearl Harbor ? 1941 - The US Navy Department announces the reorganization of the US Fleet, reviving the old names Atlantic Fleet and Pacific Fleet; the Asiatic Fleet remains unchanged ? 1941 - Admiral Ernest J. King is appointed to command the US Atlantic Fleet ? 1941 - U-764 laid down ? 1941 - Submarine USS Trigger laid down ? 1941 - Minesweeping trawler HMS Hoy launched ? 1941 - At 2125, SS Nicolas Angelos was hit near the bridge by one torpedo from U-48 after being missed by a first torpedo at 2058. After the crew abandoned ship, the U-boat fired, from 2150 to 2215, 28 shells into the vessel, which caught fire & sank by the bow at 2304. Schultze observed that the survivors set sail in their lifeboat, but they were never found ? 1941 - U-127 launched ? 1941 - Monitor HMS Roberts launched ? 1942 - USS Enterprise and Yorktown make first WW II air strike, Japanese Marshall Islands ? 1942 - MFV HMCS Chamiss Bay requisitioned ? 1942 - Corvettes HMCS Spikenard, Shediac & Louisburg departed St John's to escort Convoy SC-67 ? 1942 - Enlistees after this date were restricted to enlistment in the USCG Reserve. This was done to prevent having too many enlistees in the service at war's end ? 1942 - SS Tacoma Star torpedoed at 0330 380 miles short of Hampton Roads, where the ship was to join a UK-bound convoy. Apart from a distress signal, no other trace of the ship was found ? 1942 - U-952, U-1227 laid down ? 1942 - Minesweeper HMCS Blairmore laid down ? 1942 - The American-British-Dutch-Australian (ABDA) "Combined Striking Force" is established with Rear Admiral Karel Doorman, Royal Netherlands Navy, in command. The force consists of two heavy cruisers, nine light cruisers and 24 destroyers. In reality, five of the light cruisers and 14 of the destroyers are obsolete and not fit for modern naval warfare ? 1942 - USN Task Force Eight (TF 8) (Vice Admiral William F. Halsey Jr.), formed around the aircraft carrier USS Enterprise, raids the Marshall Islands concentrating on Kwajalein and Wotje, with the heavy cruiser USS Chester bombarding Maleolap Atoll. At Kwajalein, SBD Dauntlesses of Bombing Squadron Six (VB 6) & Scouting Squadron Six (VS 6) and TBD Devastators of Torpedo Squadron Six (VT 6) from USS Enterprise sink a transport and damage light cruiser HIJMS Katori, submarine HIJMS I-23, a minelayer, an auxiliary netlayer, an auxiliary submarine chaser, a submarine depot ship, an oiler, a tanker, and an army cargo ship. In the bombing of shore installations, Rear Admiral Sukeyoshi Yatsushiro (Commander Sixth Base Force) becomes the first Imperial Navy flag officer to die in combat when an SBD scores a direct hit on his headquarters. Off Wotje, gunfire from heavy cruisers USS Northampton & Salt Lake City sink a gunboat while destroyer USS Dunlap shells and sinks an auxiliary submarine chaser. Japanese retaliatory air attacks by six Mitsubishi G3M, Navy Type 96 Attack Bombers (later assigned the Allied Code Name "Nell") of the Chitose Kokutai (Chitose Naval Air Corps) on TF 8 results in damage to USS Enterprise (near-miss of a crashing land attack plane) and heavy cruiser USS Chester (by bomb dropped by carrier fighter). Three SBDs are shot down over Roi Island by Mitsubishi A5M, Navy Type 96 Carrier Fighters (later given the Allied Code Name "Claude") and one "Claude" is shot down by a VS-5 SBD gunner ? 1942 - USN TF 17 (Rear Admiral Frank Jack Fletcher), formed around aircraft carrier USS Yorktown, raids the Gilbert Islands targeting enemy installations on Jaluit, Makin, and Mili. Aircraft from Yorktown cause less damage than the attacks on the Marshall Islands, due to a scarcity of targets at the objective. Nevertheless, SBDs of VS-5 bomb and strafe a gunboat at Makin and destroy two Kawanishi H6K, Navy Type 97 Flying Boats (later assigned the Allied Code Name "Mavis") at anchor, while SBDs of VB 5 bomb and strafe a cargo ship at Jaluit. Rear Admiral Fletcher detaches three of his four destroyers to look for downed TBD of VT 5 reported in the water astern of TF 17. During the search, a Japanese “Mavis” flying boat of the Yokohama Kokutai attacks (but does not damage) destroyer USS Sims. Soon thereafter, two F4F Wildcats of Fighting Squadron Forty-Two (VF 42) splash the flying boat. The TBD crew, however, is never found in the prevailing poor weather ? 1942 - USN TF 11 (Vice Admiral Wilson Brown Jr.), formed around aircraft carrier USS Lexington supports the operations from the vicinity of Christmas Island in the Line Islands ? 1942 - British intelligence suffers its most serious setback of the war when the Germans change their Enigma code used by their U-boats. The British won't break this code, called "Shark," for a year, giving the Germans a major advantage in the Battle of the Atlantic. To make matters worse, the Germans break the British merchant ship code and now the Germans know where the British are, instead of vice versa ? 1942 - U-84 searched for survivors from blockade runner Spreewald, sunk in error by U-333 ? 1943 - USS PT-111 destroyed by Japanese warships off Guadalcanal Solomon Islands 1943 - USS PT-123 destroyed by Japanese aircraft bombing off Guadalcanal Solomon Islands 1943 - USS PT-37 sunk by Japanese destroyer Kawakaze off Cape Esperance Guadalcanal 1943 - Destroyer USS De Haven sunk after being bombed by Japanese aircraft off Savo Solomon Islands 1943 - Destroyer HMCS Columbia commenced refit Saint John NB ? 1943 - Trawler HMS Liscomb collided with minesweeper HMCS Minas off Halifax ? 1943 - Frigates HMCS Antigonish, St Stephen, Capilano, Strathadam, Northumberland, Wulastock, Stone Town, Hallowell, Royalmount (ex-Alwington), Poundmaker, Tisdale, Hardrock, Ste Agathe, Victoriaville, Pressiville, Toronto (ex-Giffard), Ste Therese, Lasalle, Coaticook, St Pierre, Prestonian (ex-Beaucharnois, Sea Cliff, Rouyn, Buckingham (ex-Royalmount), Inch Arran, Sussexvale (ex-Valdorian), Carlplace, Foster & Megantic ordered ? 1943 - In the Mediterranean, an explosion occurred at 0615 in the diesel engine room of U-77, resulting in some damage to the boat ? 1943 - Destroyer USS Cogswell laid down ? 1943 - During the American landings at Guadalcanal, destroyer USS DeHaven was attacked by 6 Japanese planes. 3 of them were shot down but the remaining three dropped their bombs & fled. The result destroyed the bridge, killing the captain. A fourth bomb split the hull plates and the DeHaven capsized & sank with 167 of her men out of a crew of 299 ? 1943 - Escort carrier USS Tripoli laid down ? 1943 - Aircraft carrier USS Bon Homme Richard laid down ? 1943 - Minesweepers USS Pinnacle, Phanton & Peril laid down ? 1943 - Heavy cruiser USS Bremerton laid down ? 1943 - Minesweeper HMS Shepparton commissioned ? 1943 - Submarine HMS Subtle laid down ? 1943 - 18 Japanese destroyers make the trip down the slot to Guadalcanal. They are on the first of the evacuation runs. Loading 4,935 troops as Kamimbo and Cape Esperance against fierce opposition from US PT Boats, they return to the Shortlands with the loss of one destroyer, Makikumo. Either a mine or torpedo from a PT boat left her without power and she was scuttled. A “Pete” which drops flares spots destroyers USS Radford, Fletcher & Nicholas. The loss of surprise renders any chance of success for Captain Briscoe and Desron 21 to join the fight as futile ? 1943 - Escort carrier HMS Trouncer laid down ? 1943 - U-794 laid down ? 1943 - U-488 commissioned ? 1943 - Destroyer USS Stevens commissioned ? 1943 - At 2310, MFV Joseph Elise was shelled & sunk by U-66 after a torpedo had missed at 2300 ? 1943 - Submarine HMS Surf laid down ? 1943 - Minelayer HMS Welshman was returning from Malta to Alexandria when she was sunk by the U-617. Only a few survived out of a crew of 148 ? 1944 - Destroyer HMCS Huron arrived Kola Inlet with convoy JW-56B ? 1944 - HM LST 3501-3517 ordered from Canadian yards ? 1944 - HMC MTB 726 commissioned ? 1944 - Namur Island, Kwajalein Atoll Invasion ? 1944 - MAC ship SS Gadila commissioned ? 1944 - U-1008 commissioned ? 1944 - Destroyer escorts USS Thornhill, Gunason, Currier commissioned ? 1944 - Destroyer USS Buck laid down ? 1944 - U-453 rammed & sank sailing vessels Salem, Himli, Agia Paraskevi in the Eastern Mediterranean ? 1944 - An unknown U-boat shoots down an RAF 172 Sqn Wellington ? 1944 - U-168 turned back for base at Penang because the I WO was suffering from appendicitis ? 1945 - Escort carrier HMS Puncher joined the RN Home Fleet ? 1945 - Corvette HMCS Thorlock completed workups Bermuda & departed for Halifax NS ? 1945 - The following UP report was released to the newswires - The Swedish minesweeper Landsort was attacked by an unidentified submarine today in international waters off Oland Island near the SE coast of Sweden. The submarine discharged a torpedo, which passed about 50 feet from the minesweeper ? 1945 - USS PT-77 sunk in error by the USS Conyngham and USS Lough near Talin Point Luzon 1945 - USS PT-79 sunk in error by the USS Conyngham and USS Lough near Talin Point Luzon 1945 - Submarine HMS Talent launched ? 1946 - Norwegian statesman Trygve Lie chosen first secretary-general of the United Nations ? 1946 - Destroyer HMCS Crusader paid off ? 1955 - Operation Deep Freeze, a research task force, established in Antarctic ? 1958 - Aircraft carrier HMS Warrior (ex-HMCS Warrior) paid off ? 1959 - Minesweepers HMCS Port Hope, Gananoque, Malpeque, Milltown & Red Deer sold for scrap ? 1963 - Submarine HMS Auriga arrived Halifax NS for ASW training ? 1964 - USS Oriskany port call Hong Kong ? 1965 - USS Constellation completed Vietnam deployment ? 1967 - USS Hancock port call Subic Bay ? 1968 - USS Ranger port call Subic Bay ? 1969 - Diplomatic relations established between Peru and the USSR ? 1969 - USS Ticonderoga commenced Vietnam deployment ? 1977 - Ottawa agrees to give the 3 maritime provinces 100% of the royalties from future offshore mineral finds inside the 5 km limit; 75% of royalties beyond ? 1991 - MCpl Karin Lehmann, an AESOP on one of the five Canadian Sea Kings operating in the Persian Gulf becomes first Canadian woman to engage in combat in a naval setting. The helicopter was on patrol to protect the Combat Logistic Force anchorage known as Pachyderm Palace in the southern Persian Gulf. One of the threats was from dhows (fishing boats) loaded with explosives ramming the supply ships. On the occasion in question a dhow was approaching Pachyderm Palace and the usual means of a crewmember standing in the doorway and holding a sign displaying an international stop sign (Arabic script) and a skull and cross bones failed to ward off the dhow. The next step was to drop a line of smoke markers across the bow (maritime version of a line in the sand). When this failed MCpl Lehmann fired a warning burst from the door-mounted machine gun across the bow and the dhow made a hasty retreat ? 1991 - 278 Tomahawk cruise missiles launched to-date ? 1991 - Naval air strike operations resumed at the Uum Qasr Naval Base. At the Min al Bakir oil terminal, an A-6 attacked a patrol boat, leaving it burning. ? Helos picked up an additional 15 enemy prisoners of war from the Cor al Amiya oil terminal who were apparently survivors from Iraqi naval vessels engaged over the past 48 hours ? 1991 - Navy helos involved in EPW operation reported no oil coming from or in vicinity of oil terminal or Min al Bakir platform. Oil slick appears to be broken up, 4 miles long and 1 mile wide ? 1991 - SECNAV activates 504 additional Naval Reservists from 51 units ? 1993 - Submarine HMS Vengeance laid down ? 2003 - USNS Capella activated ? 2004 - USNS Antares activated ? 2005 - A search for a 14 year old boy, who fell overboard whilst fishing onboard a boat off Portnahaven, Isle of Islay with his friend. The missing boy’s friend who swam ashore at approximately 1800 raised the alarm. Clyde Coastguard are coordinating the search and have requested the launch of the Islay and Portrush RNLI lifeboats to the scene as well as scrambling Coastguard rescue helicopter 'Mike Uniform' from Stornoway and Rescue helicopter 177 from Royal Naval Air Station Prestwick. Coastguard rescue teams from Port Charlotte and Port Ellen are on scene to assist in the search ? 2005 - Belfast Coastguard reported death of George Curry, Station Officer of Ballywalter rescue team. George has been a member of Her Majesty's Coastguard for 26 years and he served the coastguard and his community with distinction. George died whilst responding to an incident in his own car on the way to the Coastguard station to pick up the emergency vehicle to attend South Ballywalter. There had been a report of a despondent man sitting on rocks giving some cause for concern to nearby members of the public who called for help from the Emergency services. The incident was resolved successfully a short time later ? 2005 - HMCS Chicoutimi arrived Halifax aboard MV Eide Transporter ? 2005 - Nordic American Tanker Shipping Ltd announced that the Company has agreed to acquire a double hull Suezmax vessel presently under construction in Daewoo shipyard in Korea. The newbuilding is expected to be delivered from the yard at the end of March this year, after which it is expected that the vessel will be employed in the spot market ? 2005 - Tsakos Energy Navigation Limited announced the sale of the single-hull Aframax Panos G to a third party. The vessel will be delivered to its new owners by mid-March before its scheduled drydocking ? 2005 - OMI Corporation Stamford, Connecticut announced today that it had agreed to time charter for a seven year period two new Suezmax vessels scheduled for delivery in June and September of 2005. The vessels are two of the four vessels being acquired by affiliates of Konig & Cie GmBH & Co. KG (Konig). Konig has previously entered two other Suezmaxes into OMI's "Gemini Pool." All four new Suezmaxes will enter the Gemini Pool when delivered. This will bring the number of vessels in the pool to twenty-one. OMI has options to extend the term of the time charters and to acquire the vessels it is chartering. The Company also announced that (a) it has sold its two double-sided Handysize crude oil tankers and it has taken delivery of the LAUREN, a new Handymax product carrier that was one of the vessels it contracted to acquire during the summer of 2004 ? 2006 - The Countess of Wessex will launch HMS Daring at BAE Systems Naval Ships' Scotstoun yard in Glasgow on 01 February 2006. HMS Daring will be the first of the Royal Navy's Type 45 destroyers. Armed with the world-beating Principal Anti-Air Missile System (PAAMS), these ships will be the biggest and most powerful air defense destroyers ever built for the Royal Navy. The Type 45 program is securing more than 2,000 shipbuilding jobs on the Clyde, 650 shipbuilding jobs in Portsmouth and many more jobs at sub-contractors around the country ? 2006 - Tim Robinson will leave Thales to become Chief Executive Officer of a UK-based private equity company in the financial services sector. Tim Robinson joined Thales in 2001 as Senior Vice-president, Managing Director of the Secure Operations Business Group in its Information and Service Technology business area. In 2004, he was appointed Senior Vice-President, Managing Director of the Security division during the Group’s reorganization. The Security division will be managed on an interim basis by Reynald Seznec, Senior Vice President in charge of Operations, in addition to his primary responsibility, Operations ? 2006 - Rao Inderjit Singh took over Indian Minister of State for Defense in South Block ? 2006 - An Indonesian naval vessel rescued scores of survivors in the early hours after a ferry carrying more than 100 people sank in heavy seas in the country's east on Tuesday night. The warship picked up 74 people. After initial sunny skies, heavy rain had whipped up the seas again, hindering rescue efforts. The ferry was travelling from Kupang on Indonesia's side of Timor Island to nearby Rote Island when authorities lost contact with it on Tuesday night, officials said ? 2006 - Secretary of Defense Donald H. Rumsfeld announced that the President has nominated Navy Rear Adm. Robert T. Conway, Jr. for appointment to the grade of vice admiral and assignment as commander, Navy Installations Command, Washington, DC. Conway is currently serving as commander, Task Force Warrior, Norfolk ? 2006 - Royal Navy offered eight surplus Sea Harrier aircraft to the Indian Navy ? 2006 - Keppel AmFELS received a fifth order from Scorpion Offshore (Scorpion) for a jackup rig valued at US$143 million. This contract is signed with Scorpion’s wholly owned subsidiary, Scorpion Intrepid Ltd. All five jackup orders have been secured within nine months of Scorpion’s execution of the first construction contract in May 2005 ? 2006 - Submarine K-114 Tula of the Delta IV/Project 667BDRM-class returned to the Northern Fleet after an overhaul at the Zvezdochka plant and sea trials ? 2006 - Odyssey Marine Exploration, Inc., a leader in the field of deep-ocean shipwreck exploration, announced today the appointment of Dr. David J. Bederman to serve as a Director of the Company. Dr. Bederman, 44, is a professor of law at Emory University in Atlanta, Georgia. Since 1991, he has taught international law, admiralty, international institutions, law of international common spaces, legal methods, customary law, as well as seminars on international environmental law and foreign relations power. In addition, he serves as adviser to the Emory International Law Review and is the Director of International Legal Studies at Emory's Law School. Dr. Bederman also leads a private practice and has provided legal counsel to Odyssey since 1998. In private practice, he has been involved with many cases involving maritime law and shipwreck disputes, and has represented clients in the federal courts of appeals, including the US Supreme Court ? 2006 - Frigate NMM Euro replaced sister ship Maestrale in Operation Enduring Freedom ? 2007 - Hospitalman Matthew G. Conte, 22, of Mogadore OH died while his unit was conducting combat operations against enemy forces in the Al Anbar Province, Iraq. Conte was assigned to 2nd Battalion, 3rd Marine Regiment, 3rd Marine Division, III Marine Expeditionary Force, Kaneohe Bay, Hawaii serving as a hospital corpsman in Iraq under the command of I Marine Expeditionary Force (forward) ? 2007 - The Maritime & Coastguard Agency (MCA) launch a new and improved Maritime Safety Information (MSI) service ? 2007 - New grain terminal opens in Baku ? 2007 - In the last 48 hours the crew of the Coast Guard Cutter Key Largo repatriated 162 Dominican Republic migrants and two Haitian Nationals to La Romana, Dominican Republic ? 2007 - The US Coast Guard suspended the search for Dr. Jim Gray at 1730 ? 2007 - Secretary of the Navy Donald C. Winter announced that a Military Sealift Command contracting team won a 2006 Navy Competition and Procurement Excellence Award for chartering ships to rescue Americans stranded in Lebanon last year. The team - Ken Allen, Lee Anderson, Olivia Bradley, Tim Pickering, Lance Nyman, and Dan Wentzell - worked with companies and brokers from around the world to ensure that more than 6,700 Americans were rescued and moved from war-torn Lebanon to safety in Cyprus during the July 2006 Israeli offensive against Hezbollah militants. Though US military ships also took part in the effort that eventually rescued more than 13,000 people, the MSC-chartered cruise ship Orient Queen was the first to arrive in Lebanon. MSC chartered a total of three ships for the operation ? 2007 - Maersk Oil was, in the 24th Licensing Round, awarded 15 new exploration blocks - 11 blocks in the central North Sea and 4 blocks west of Shetland ============================================================= Sources: Colton Shipping Report, NOAA, MARAD, Marine Digest, Leo Pettipas, Kommersant, Samuel Loring Morison, Frank Pierce Young, Navy Times, Naval Institute Proceedings, www.uboat.net, Andrew Etherington, John Nicholas, US Naval Historical Center, Ministry of Defense, US Coast Guard, Thomas N. Carlson, Jack Arrowsmith, Allan Snowie, Ken Hansen, Andy Barber, John Weiss, Jack McKillop, Bernard de Neumann, Sympatico Today in History, Washington History Link, Lloyds List, Fairplay, New York Times, I-Newswire and other news sources in the public domain. Additions, submissions and corrections are always welcomed. ============================================================= Today in History Archives at: http://www.seawaves.com/newsletters/today_in_history_archive.htm Copyright 2008 Shirlaw News Group ISSN 1710-6966 Photos courtesy of US Naval Historical Center, US Coast Guard Historical Center, Wikipedia Encyclopedia or Naval Museum of Manitoba unless otherwise noted. Images may be subject to copyright. Ask before you right-click.