SeaWaves Today in History January 13, 2008 ********************************************************************* January 13 1724 - Things in Persia distracted Peter from Asia and America when they created a conflict with Turkey, which did not think that Russia belonged there. A translator from the Grand Port came to Ivan Neplyuev, a Russian resident of Constantinople on this day and announced to him that war had been declared. The French ambassador, for reasons of his own, argued that war would be a hardship and friendship with Russia would be profitable in the future. The sultan then decided not to declare war, but to prepare for it nonetheless 1853 - The ship Cornelius Grinnell grounded in a heavy surf off Squan Beach New Jersey. A surf car was used to rescue all 234 persons on board 1865 - Amphibious attack on Fort Fisher NC 1916 - Battleship HMS Valiant commissioned 1917 - Italian submarines H-1 & H-2 departed Shelburne NS for Bermuda 1917 - Destroyer HMS Verdun laid down 1920 - Submarine HMS H-50 commissioned 1925 - Alaskan Game Law enforced by Coast Guard 1931 - Submarine HMS Parthian commissioned 1936 - Destroyer HMS Intrepid laid down 1937 - Destroyer HMS Bedouin laid down 1940 - US freighter SS Narbo, bound for Italy, Yugoslavia & Greece, is detained at Gibraltar by British authorities. The Freighter SS Tripp, detained at Gibraltar by the British since 11 January, is released, but not before some items of her cargo are seized as contraband 1940 - U-101 launched 1940 - SS Sylvia sunk by U-20 NE of Aberdeen. All 20 crewmembers lost 1940 - The icebreaker Georgy Sedov completes an 812-day expedition 1941 - RAF bombers strike the U-boat base at Lorient during the night of 13/14 January 1941 - U-597 laid down 1941 - Destroyers USS Laffey & Woodworth laid down 1942 - Despite opposition, Admiral Karl Donitz, Flag Officer U-boats, begins Operation "Drum Roll" (Paukenschlag), the use of U-boats in the waters off the eastern coast of North America. The submariners are surprised to find peacetime conditions on the US coast, with lighthouses and marker buoys still lit. In addition there is no radio silence and positions of merchant ships are frequently given away in radio communications. These conditions and the inexperience of the USN escort vessels lead to a loss of 150,000 tons in the first month of the operation. The fact that "Drum Roll" could not begin until some weeks after the German declaration of war on the US indicates how unprepared the Navy was for this sudden development 1942 - Nineteen West Coast shipyards adopt around-the-clock, seven-day-a-week work schedules 1942 - At 0118, SS Frisco was hit by two torpedoes from U-130 off Long Island & sank. The master, the first mate, the second mate/radio operator and an ordinary seaman were killed. In the afternoon of 14 January, the Danish merchant Mjoanes picked up three survivors in a lifeboat in 46°24N/57°20W and taken to North Sydney, arriving two days later. Another lifeboat with 9 men was never seen again 1942 - At 0948, the unescorted & unarmed SS Friar Rock was sunk by U-130 about 110 miles SW of Cape Race. Two of three torpedoes fired by U-130 had hit the vessel, which sank later in 45.51N/50.52W. A ship rescued only seven survivors. One of them, the second mate, died ashore 1942 - Corvette HMCS Shawinigan arrived St John's for Newfoundland Command 1942 - Destroyer USS Forrest commissioned 1942 - Inter-Allied Conference met in London 1943 - U-507 sunk NW of Natal, in position 01.38S, 39.52W, by depth charges from a USN VP-83 Catalina aircraft. 54 dead (all hands lost). U-507 (along with U-156 and U-506 and Italian submarine Cappellini) took part in the rescue operations after the sinking of SS Laconia in September 1942 off Africa. About 1500 men were saved by these boats and French ships from Dakar (which arrived on Sept 16, 4 days after the sinking) 1943 - Submarine USS Triton, on her fifth patrol, in the Bismarck Archipelago area, spots a large tanker while on the surface. In the morning twilight, Triton fires eight torpedoes. One hits & lightly damages Akebono Maru north of the St. Matthias Island group in position 00°45'S, 148°56'E 1943 - Submarine USS Whale, carrying out a submerged daylight patrol in the Marshalls on her second patrol, sinks SS Iwashiro Maru with three of four fish fired. The Japanese naval collier sinks about 40 miles north of Kwajalein in position 09°54'N, 167°07'E 1943 - U-421, U-536 commissioned 1943 - Corvette HMCS Ville de Quebec sank U-224 OLtzS Hans-Carl Kosbadt CO, West of Algiers, 36-28N 00-49E. Of U-224's crew of 45 there was 1 survivor. Ville de Quebec was escorting Gibraltar to North Africa convoy TE-13 when she detected U-224. She attacked with depth charges, which blew the submarine to the surface. Ville de Quebec then rammed the submarine just as the Weapons Officer, LtzS Dankworth, emerged from the conning tower hatch to survey the damage. He was thrown clear of the boat & became the only survivor. He was rescued 30 minutes later by HMCS Port Arthur. U-224 a VIIC type U-boat, built by F. Krupp Germaniawerft AG, Kiel, launched 7 May 42, commissioned 20 Jun 42, in service 7 months, with a record of sinking 2 ships, for a total of 9,614 tons. OLtzS Kosbadt was her only commanding officer. Hans-Carl Kosbadt was born in 1917, at Warnemünde. He joined the navy in 1937. At the start of the war, he served at the Second Torpedo Officer in destroyer Wolfgang Zenker from Apr to Oct 39. From Oct 39 to Oct 40 he served in two different training posts before transferring to the U-boat force. After introductory training he served in UAA (Mar-Jun 41) and then as the First Weapons Officer in U-94 (Jun 41 - May 42) commanded by the 'Ace' OLtzS Otto Ites, Knights Cross. He was promoted to OLtzS on 19 Sep 41. Selected for command, he took his U-boat Commander's course from May to Jun 42 & was appointed as the commissioning CO of U-224 on 20 Jun 42 1943 - Destroyer escort USS Frost laid down 1943 - During a meeting of the milk cow U-117 & U-455, the doctor from U-117 transferred to U-455 & remained onboard 1943 - Sloop HMS Whimbrel commissioned 1944 - U-1201, U-1229 commissioned 1944 - U-1053, U-1208 launched 1944 - Destroyer escorts USS Albert T Harris & Charles E Brannon laid down 1944 - Light cruiser USS Duluth launched 1944 - While serving as a Flak boat, U-621 was attacked by an RAF 59 Sqn Liberator & suffered 1 man killed and 6 wounded. Matrosengefreiter Heinz Thomas was mortally wounded and later buried at sea. The commander decided to abort the patrol. U-621 took ten days to limp back to Brest 1944 - Frigate HMS Inman commissioned 1944 - Destroyer escort USS Hissem commissioned 1944 - Submarine HMS Vigorous commissioned 1944 - U-231 sunk NE of the Azores, in position 44.15N, 20.38W, by depth charges from RAF 172 Sqn Wellington. U-231 also shot down a Wellington from the same squadron in this action 1945 - Destroyer USS Myles C Fox launched 1945 - Heavy cruiser USS Bridgeport laid down 1945 - Lighter Covered (Non Self-Propelled) YC-912 lost in the North Pacific 1945 - U-2357, U-3024 commissioned 1945 - U-2540, U-2541 launched 1945 - The following U.P. report was released to the newswires - Despite punishing Allied blows, the Nazis are still able to operate as many as one hundred U-boats in the Atlantic, constituting a continued serious menace to Allied supply lines, British naval circles said tonight. However, insofar as is generally known here, there is no evidence that the Germans ever have attempted to launch flying bombs from submarines, despite Vice Admiral Jonas H. Ingram's warning that the US Atlantic coast might be hit by V-bombs landed from U-boats. There is also a general tendency here to doubt the statement attributed to Admiral Ingram that the Nazis have three hundred submarines in the Atlantic. British naval spokesmen and commentators are more inclined to believe that Germany's overall submarine strength is three hundred - a force that probably would permit from fifty to one hundred undersea craft to be actually operative at one time. To keep a force of three hundred U-boats within the Atlantic operating zone, a total force of approximately one thousand submarines would be necessary, one spokesman said, and added that Germany's submarine strength at its peak was 1500. The spokesman said that although the Allies had captured or bottled up all of Germany's Bay of Biscay submarine bases, she still had more and better bases than during the first World War, when she launched a highly successful U-boat campaign. The latest improvement publicized is a device enabling U-boats to recharge batteries beneath the surface 1945 - U-275 sailed on her final patrol 1945 - U-532 sailed from Jakarta on her final patrol 1945 - Just before 0900, a kamikaze carrying two 250 kg. (551-pound) bombs crash Casablanca-Class escort aircraft carrier USS Salamaua's flight deck killing 15 and wounding 80+. Damage is extensive; the flightdeck, the hangar deck, and spaces below blazed with a multitude of fires. One of the bombs, failing to explode, punches through the starboard side at the waterline. Power, communications, and steering fail; one of her engine rooms floods and the starboard engine quits. But, by 0910 hours, her gunners had splashed two of the kamikaze's compatriots. Temporary repairs enable the ship to return to San Francisco; arriving on 26 February 1946 - Frigate HMCS Longueil sold for scrapping Victoria BC. Superstructure scrapped Victoria 1947 & hull sunk as a breakwater Kelsey Bay BC in 1948 1964 - USS Manley evacuates 54 American and 36 allied nationals after Zanzibar government is overthrown 1965 - USS Bon Homme Richard returned from Vietnam deployment 1968 - USS Yorktown port call Pearl Harbor 1976 - USS Oriskany port call Subic Bay 1978 - Vice President Hubert H. Humphrey died in Waverly, Minn 1982 - Air Florida Flight 90 crashes into the Potomac River. Coast Guard units, including the cutters Capstan and Madrona, assist in the rescue of surviving passengers and the recovery of the aircraft's wreckage 1984 - Destroyer HMCS Qu'Appelle completed life extension refit 1987 - Destroyer Vendetta and oiler Supply sailed from Sydney in tow of Dutch tug/supply vessel Smit Lloyd 109 bound for Kaohsiung (Taiwan) and demolition. Supply was originally built as Tide Austral, laid down 5 August 1952, launched 1 September 1954, completed 17 May 1955 by Harland & Wolff Ltd. at Belfast. Intended for loan to the Admiralty for operation as a RFA for three years. Tide Austral handed over to RAN on 7 September 1962 and commissioned as HMAS Supply at Portsmouth 1994 - Destroyer HMCS Fraser relieved HMCS Provider in Haitian Blockade 2003 - Commodore Roger Girourd replaced Commodore Dan Murphy as Commander of the Canadian Naval Task Group in the Gulf of Oman & was responsible for two to six coalition naval vessels. HMCS Montreal was his flagship until replaced by HMCS Algonquin 2003 - SS Wright activated from RRF 2005 - IHC Holland Delta Shipyard received the order for the engineering, construction and delivery of three (3) Delta Multi Purpose Pusher Tugs from SMIT Transport Europe BV. The Vessel, a Delta Multi Purpose Pusher Tug 2500 (DMPT 2500) can be used for a wide range of marine operations in sheltered, shallow waters and open sea up to 200nm, including pushing, pulling, buoy handling, dredging support work, anchor handling, ferrying of goods and personnel, fuel oil and water supply. The Vessel’s technical concept combines performance with operational reliability. The layout shows a raised and spacious superstructure above the half raised forecastle deck forward and large work deck aft. The superstructure is placed well inboard to prevent it from being damaged when the vessel is moored along high objects and rolling, and to create a safe walkway to the fore deck. The first two vessels have a fixed wheelhouse; the third Vessel has a wheelhouse of a risible type. In case of pushing barges the skipper is able to raise the wheelhouse with 5 meters to improve his sightline. Propulsion is by two main diesel engines, each driving a fixed pitch propeller in a fixed nozzle through a reverse-reduction gearbox and in-line shafting. The twin propulsion system ensures operational safety and good maneuverability. To improve the maneuverability in difficult situations a hydraulically driven bow thrust unit (150kW) which can be remotely controlled from the wheelhouse is installed 2005 - HMCS Montreal deployed from Halifax to join the first Standing NATO Reaction Force Maritime Group at Den Helder 2005 - Western Canadian Coal Corp began loading its first coal ship at Ridley Terminals, Port of Prince Rupert BC. Upon completion of loading, the "M/V Pacific Success" will sail for South Korea where POSCO, one of the world's foremost steel producers, will use the Company's Burnt River pulverized coal injection (PCI) coal to make steel 2005 - Canada's troubled second-hand submarine HMCS Chicoutimi finally headed home -- welded to a giant Norwegian freighter. The Norwegian semi-submersible transporter Eide weighed anchor in Faslane, Scotland, ending days of delays due to bad weather. Chicoutimi had been in the Scottish port since last October, when it was towed there after catching fire during its maiden voyage to Canada 2005 - HMAS Kanimbla arrives off Banda Aceh to assist in the disaster relief effort in Indonesia. The ship is carrying Sea King search and rescue helicopters and heavy construction equipment. It is also carrying a crew of about 300, including engineers, and a diving team, yet another example of the assistance the Australian military is providing to Indonesia during its time of crisis. Personnel have been providing fresh water, medical care and conducting air operations 2005 - The Indian Cabinet Committee on Economic Affairs has approved the revised Proposal for time bound implementation of the International Container Transhipment Terminal (ICTT) in Cochin Port on Build Operate and Transfer (BOT) basis. The contract for the project will be awarded to Dubai Ports International, Dubai, UAE (DPI) 2005 - Solent Coastguard undertook an intensive search of the Newhaven Harbor area overnight after a missing crew man from the Sardinia Vera was reported at 2300 the previous day. Solent Coastguard were alerted by a call from Newhaven Port Control reporting that the vessel was along side at the harbor and the crewmember had last been seen filling the fresh water tanks at about 2200 and was reported missing shortly afterwards. Solent Coastguard immediately scrambled the Coastguard Rescue Helicopter, India Juliet which is fitted with FLIR (forward looking infrared) for nighttime searching. Coastguard Rescue Teams from Newhaven and Birling Gap undertook a shore line search of the area and Newhaven RNLI Lifeboat and it's tender boat searched on the water. An intensive search was carried out in the harbor area and up to two miles upriver to account for an incoming tide, but no sign of the crewmember was found other than his cap found in the water close to the vessel 2005 - USS Carl Vinson sailed out of Bremerton on Thursday, offering a 30-second blast of its horn in final farewell to the home port it leaves behind after almost eight years. The aircraft carrier and its 3,200 sailors leave for a six-month round-the-world deployment in the western Pacific. In November, the carrier heads for Norfolk, Va., for a 3 1/2-year refueling overhaul. The Vinson, known as the "Gold Eagle," arrived in Bremerton on Jan. 17, 1997. It has been replaced by the carrier USS John C. Stennis, which arrived Saturday with more than 2,500 sailors 2005 - Liverpool Coastguard received MAY DAY alert at 2207 by mobile phone from the fishing vessel Siskin reporting that they were in difficulty and were taking to a life raft, moments later, communications were lost. The Siskin was 10 miles West of St Bees Head. Communications were re-established by mobile phone and the crew reported that all three were in the life raft and that the vessel had now capsized. Liverpool Coastguard requested attendance of Workington and Ramsey RNLI lifeboats and Rescue Helicopter 177 from Prestwick. Workington lifeboat was first on scene and assisted in the safe transfer of all three crew in the life raft to the rescue helicopter that took them to St Bees Head to be met by Whitehaven Coastguard Rescue Team. Workington lifeboat has recovered the inflated liferaft 2006 - Russian Defense Minister Sergei Ivanov discusses prospects of bilateral cooperation with his Japanese counterpart Fukushiro Nukaga in Moscow 2006 - RFA Mounts Bay arrives in homeport of Portland for first time 2006 - Dardanelles Strait was closed to northbound traffic today after a Capesize vessel grounded, sources in the port of Istanbul said. Sources said the 171,101dwt Anangel Dynasty owned by the Angelicoussis group ran aground at 0500 local time (0300 GMT) near Nara Point, one of the narrowest parts of the Strait, around 8km north of Canakkale. It was not clear when the vessel would be moved to allow traffic to return to normal, sources said. Southbound traffic on the strait was proceeding as normal 2006 - 77 people were saved and three were missing after a fishing boat carrying 80 people caught fire early yesterday in the Yellow Sea off east China's Shandong Province. According to www.ShanghaiDaily.com, the boat from Liaoning Province was found in flames at 0200 about 30 nautical miles off Chengshantou, Rongcheng City. Shortly after 0300 the fire had destroyed the entire cabin. The fire was brought under control by 0450. Three sailors apparently jumped or fell into the water when all the 80 people on board were on the deck, waiting for help. A fourth sailor was missing. By midday, only one of the four sailors had been rescued. The survivors were taken to the coastal city of Weihai, where medical workers were ready to treat the injured 2006 - The Seamen’s Church Institute of Philadelphia & South Jersey (SCI) announced this year’s recipient of the 2006 Spirit of the Port award will be Dennis J. Colgan, Jr., chairman and CEO of BARTHCO International, one of the largest Customs Brokers and Freight Forwarders in the United States. The award will be presented to Mr. Colgan at the 18th Annual Spirit of the Port Award luncheon to be held March 29 in Philadelphia. In addition to his duties as chairman and CEOL, Colgan, is a national authority in the area of US Customs automation and a proponent of port automation. He is also a director of Nazareth Hospital and vice Chairman and trustee at Holy Family University, as well as serving as a member of the Board of Directors of the New Jersey Aquarium, the Seamen’s Church Institute and the industry Advisory Board of the North American Maritime Ministry Association 2006 - Vice Admiral Francisco Martínez Villarroel, Director General of the Chilean Coast Guard, conducts inspection if X District 2006 - Deputy Prime Minister and Defense Minister Sergei Ivanov has presented Russia's Order of Honor to Japanese Maritime Self-Defense Force officer Kenji Kinoshita, who took part in last August's operation to rescue the Pacific Fleet's As-28 mini-submarine 2006 - The Ukrainian authorities took over a Black Sea fleet beacon in Yalta a source at the fleet's hydrographic service told Interfax. "At about 1000 local time Yalta seaport services did not let chief of the Yalta beacon Viktor Polishchuk enter the territory of the beacon to perform his duties," the source said. "The personnel of the Ukrainian Gosgidrografia government-owned company led by the head of its Sevastopol branch Vladimir Kolpakov arrived at the beacon in three cars to take it over and place it under Ukraine's jurisdiction," the source said 2006 - STEALTHGAS INC. today announced that it has entered into an agreement to acquire an additional vessel with expected delivery February 2006. Islas Gas, which will be renamed Gas Czar, is a Fully Pressurized (FP) LPG carrier built in Japan in 1995 with a capacity of 3,500 cubic meters (cbm). It will be acquired for $9.83 million. Upon delivery, it will be deployed under an existing time charter to an oil major at a rate of $171,250 per calendar month until November 2006. Thereafter Gas Czar will be deployed for a further 12 months to the same oil major at a per calendar month time charter rate ranging between a minimum of $190,000 and a maximum of $210,000 2006 - Russian Defense Minister Sergei Ivanov said after talks with his Japanese counterpart Fukushiro Nukaga that Russia and Japan would conduct joint navy maneuvers in October 2006 2006 - Two people were rescued after their pleasure craft sank approximately two-miles east of Paris Island Spit, S.C., at about 1600. Gary Hawn, 68, and Sylvia Hawn, 65, of Toronto, Canada, were heading south to Florida on their 30-foot pleasure craft when they apparently received severe damage to their rudder and began rapidly taking on water. Gary Hawn called the Coast Guard on his VHF radio at about 1515, and he and his wife put on their life jackets. Rescue coordinators at Sector Charleston launched a rescue helicopter from Air Station Savannah, Ga., and two rescue boats from Station Tybee Island, Ga., to rescue the couple from their foundering vessel. The rescue helicopter located the pair and directed the rescue boats to their position. The rescue boat crews pulled off the Hawns and attempted to save their boat from sinking. Unfortunately, the 30-foot pleasure craft was taking on water to quickly, and rescue boat crews couldn't safely attempt to save the vessel. The Hawns were taken to a local boat ramp in Beaufort, S.C., and are reportedly both in good condition. Members of the Beaufort Marine Rescue Squadron are helping the Hawns coordinate the salvage of their sunken vessel. The sunken vessel poses no significant risk to navigation or the environment 2006 - The crew of a USCG HH-65 Dolphin helicopter conducted the medical evacuation of a 14-day-old female from the airport in the island of Culebra at 0625. Sector San Juan Command Center was notified by Rafael del Toro, emergency ward doctor at the Culebra Health Center, that the patient required medical attention for respiratory difficulties from a hospital on the main island. Coast Guard command center controllers coordinated a rescue helicopter from Air Station Borinquen in Aguadilla to conduct the medical evacuation. At 0538 the Coast Guard helicopter arrived on scene and boarded the patient and her mother onto the aircraft that transported them to the Isla Grande Airport in San Juan. Lt. Donald Kuhl, Air Station Borinquen Aviation Physician Assistant, was on board the aircraft and monitored the condition of the infant throughout the flight. After the aircraft arrived at the Isla Grande Airport, the patient was transferred in stable condition to the local Emergency Medical Services that transported the mother and child in an ambulance to a local hospital where the infant would receive further medical care 2006 - The crew of the fishing vessel Competition responded to a distress call by the master of the fishing vessel Horizon, taking on water near Sitkalidak Island southeast of Kodiak. The Coast Guard received an unlocated radio beacon at 0434 for the 42-foot Kodiak-based Horizon. The command center contacted the owner, who informed them that the vessel had since been sold. The command center released an urgent marine information broadcast, and contacted the Kodiak harbormaster, who, in addition to the master of another vessel, reported seeing the Horizon earlier near Sitkalidak Island. The command center launched a rescue helicopter and crew. The Competition, working nearby, was able to safely transfer the Horizon's crew, who were taken back to Kodiak this evening. There were no reported injuries 2006 - Rear Adm. James C. Olson, Commander 17th Coast Guard District, speaks at the Coast Guard Station Juneau ribbon cutting ceremony. The ceremony was held for the completed 8 1/2 month expansion of Station Juneau, which now has more training and operational room. The expansion includes the outdoor space on the second floor Buoy Deck 2006 - A Japanese television network aired footage of a man believed to be North Korean leader Kim Jong-il taking a luxury excursion on a riverboat in the southern Chinese city of Guangzhou 2006 - Naval anti-terrorism and force protection (ATFP) took a step forward as the Navy Expeditionary Combat Command (NECC) was officially established in a ceremony conducted at their headquarters at Naval Amphibious Base Little Creek VA. NECC will consolidate the current missions and functions of the 1st Naval Construction Division, Naval Expeditionary Logistics Support Force and Maritime Force Protection Command. NECC will also serve as functional commander in control of manning, training, equipping and organizing forces that will execute ATFP, shore-based logistical support and construction missions across the joint operational spectrum 2006 - Petty Officer First Class Michael Anthony Jordan, 35, of Augusta, Ga., died in an automobile accident in Manama. Jordan was assigned to Destroyer Squadron 50, Bahrain 2007 - RMS Titanic Inc to present Titanic: The Artifact Exhibition at Exploration Place in Wichita, Kansas. The Exhibition makes its Kansas debut through March 25, 2007 2007 - The sea-based radar considered a key to the nation's missile defense shield has left Hawaii for its homeport of Adak, Alaska, at the end of the Aleutian Chain. The sea-based X-band radar, or SBX, is part of the Missile Defense Agency's $43 billion program and is used to track missile launches. It looks like a giant golf ball sitting atop a 27-story, partially submersible oil rig. The radar has been in Hawaii for repairs. It has never been to its homeport. The radar was on course to Adak more than 10 months ago but turned back to Hawaii after experiencing ballast problems 2007 - The US Navy issued a stop work order to Lockheed Martin Corp. Maritime Systems & Sensors unit, Moorestown NJ for the construction of the third Littoral Combat Ship (LCS). This stop work order will take effect immediately and is for a period of 90 days. The stop work order was issued because of significant cost increases currently being experienced with the construction of LCS-1 and LCS-3, under construction by Lockheed Martin 2007 - USS George Washington (GW) moved one step closer to the completion of the installation of the main mast during the carrier’s Planned Incremental Availability plus Docking period. Although normally completed in three separate lifts, the GW completed it in just one, a move which put the progress of the availability work ahead of schedule 2007 - Australia formally signed a project agreement to participate in the BAMS (Broad Area Maritime Surveillance) system development and demonstration phase 2007 - Cunard Line, for the first and only time, sail their three luxury liner Queens - flagship Queen Mary 2, famed Queen Elizabeth 2 and the new Queen Victoria - together out of New York ============================================================= Sources: Colton Shipping Report, NOAA, MARAD, Marine Digest, Leo Pettipas, Kommersant, Samuel Loring Morison, Frank Pierce Young, Navy Times, Naval Institute Proceedings, www.uboat.net, Andrew Etherington, John Nicholas, US Naval Historical Center, Ministry of Defense, US Coast Guard, Thomas N. Carlson, Jack Arrowsmith, Allan Snowie, Ken Hansen, Andy Barber, John Weiss, Jack McKillop, Bernard de Neumann, Sympatico Today in History, Washington History Link, Lloyds List, Fairplay, New York Times, I-Newswire and other news sources in the public domain. Additions, submissions and corrections are always welcomed. ============================================================= Today in History Archives at: http://www.seawaves.com/newsletters/today_in_history_archive.htm Copyright 2007 Shirlaw News Group ISSN 1710-6966 Photos courtesy of US Naval Historical Center, US Coast Guard Historical Center, Wikipedia Encyclopedia or Naval Museum of Manitoba unless otherwise noted. Images may be subject to copyright. Ask before you right-click.