SeaWaves Today in History March 14, 2008 ********************************************************************* March 14 1743 - First recorded town meeting in America was held, at Faneuil Hall in Boston 1757 - Rear-Admiral John Byng was executed by firing squad aboard HMS Monarch. The son of the successful Admiral Sir John Byng, he had been made a scapegoat for the fall of the important harbor at Port Mahon on Minorca in 1756. Byng had not been defeated at sea, but his caution had denied him a clear victory, and he had then retired over hastily to Gibraltar, leaving the isolated garrison at Port Mahon no option but to surrender to the French. Byng found himself left isolated by the Government, was convicted at court martial of cowardice, and refused clemency. The French writer Voltaire famously remarked in Candide "dans ce pays-ci [Britain], il est bon de tuer de temps en temps un amiral pour encourager les autres" 1794 - Eli Whitney received a patent for his cotton gin, an invention that revolutionized America's cotton industry 1808 - The brig Lougen II, commanded by Lieutenant Peter F. Wulff, drives the British brig Childers away after several hours of battle, off Hitterø in Norway 1843 - James Douglas 1803-1877 lands at Clover Point on Vancouver Island with 15 men to build new Hudson's Bay Company Fort Camosun (later Victoria); moving HBC trade headquarters from Fort Vancouver (now in Washington State) 1857 - The Sound Dues are abolished. (Introduced in 1429.) 1863 - RADM Farragut's squadron of 7 ships forces way up Mississippi River to support Union troops at Vicksburg and Baton Rouge 1891 - The first telephone cable along the English Channel bed is laid by the Monarch II, a single screw steamer 240' x 33' x 17.9', 1,122 gross tons with double expansion engines of 2,000IHP. She was built in 1883 by J & D Dunlop, Port Glasgow and was the first cableship to be designed for the GPO She laid the first telephone cable, manufactured by Siemens Bros., across the English Channel in 1891 from St. Margaret's Bay-Sangette 2. Reference, with acknowledgements to K.R. Haigh, "Cableships & Submarine Cables", S.T.C. Ltd., Greenwich, 1978 1909 - Gloucester, Mass., a launch became disabled 3/4 mile S .E. of the station. Surfmen manned the power lifeboat and started to assist. On the trip out a schooner was discovered anchored in a dangerous berth 1 3/4 miles SE of the station. A surfman was placed aboard the launch to repair the motor while the lifeboat proceeded to the schooner. Surfmen put a towline on the schooner, and, with her sails drawing, she was towed into a safe anchorage 1914 - Submarine HMS E7 completed 1915 - The German cruiser Dresden blows herself up off the coast of Chile 1917 - Submarine HMS H22 launched 1917 - Submarine HMS H24 launched 1918 - Faith, the first concrete ship to cross the Atlantic launched in San Francisco 1918 - Barrage/Gate vessel HMS Westgate launched 1918 - Destroyer HMS Wolfhound launched 1918 - Minesweeper USS Lapwing launched 1919 - Destroyer USS Barney commissioned 1927 - Destroyers FS Bison & Guepard laid down 1929 - Sloop HMS Bridgewater commissioned 1929 - NAS Pensacola aircraft make 113 flights for flood rescue and relief 1930 - Sloop HMS Scarborough launched 1931 - Heavy cruiser USS New Orleans laid down 1933 - Submarine HMS Starfish launched 1936 - U-26 launched 1938 - Boom defense vessel HMS Barbican launched 1939 - Boom defense vessel HMS Burgonet launched 1939 - The "Timeless" Test between South Africa and England in Durban ends - it started on March 3 - because the England players have to rejoin their ship 1940 - U-375 laid down 1940 - Destroyer depot ship HMS Hecla launched 1940 - Escort carrier HMS Dasher laid down 1941 - U-130 launched 1941 - President Roosevelt promised increasing aid to Allies for a total victory 1941 - Destroyer USS Monssen commissioned 1941 - Destroyer HMS Rocket laid down 1941 - Minesweeper HMAS Mildura launched 1941 - Submarine HMS Trusty launched 1941 - An RAF 139 Sqn aircraft on patrol off Norway scores a near miss on an 800-ton ship 1942 - At 0758, the unescorted & unarmed SS Lemuel Burrows was torpedoed by U-404 about five miles SSW of the Brigantine Gas Buoy off Atlantic City after spotting the silhouette of the collier against the bright lights of the city. The U-boat had earlier missed with two torpedoes before hitting with the third on the starboard side between the #2 and #3 holds, followed by a another torpedo at 0815 on the port side amidships. The most of the eight officers and 26 crewmen abandoned ship in two lifeboats, just before the ship was hit at 0828 hours by a coup de grâce on the starboard quarter, causing the ship to lift and then sink, swamping the nearby lifeboats. All survivors were thrown into the icy water. Only eight men managed to cling to the overturned boat, but two eventually slipped into the water and drowned, while other survivors swam to two rafts, which had floated free. The U-boat surfaced and questioned the survivors before leaving the area. After drifting for six hours, eight survivors were picked up by the American SS Sewalls Point & seven others by a boat from the American SS James Elwood Jones. Four officers and 16 crewmen were lost. All survivors were landed at New York, where one survivor died in the Marine Hospital at Staten Island 1942 - At 0200, the unescorted motor tanker Penelope was hit in the bow by one of two fired torpedoes from U-67 after being hunted for three and a half hours. The ship caught fire, stopped and the crew abandoned ship in three lifeboats and one raft. A coup de grâce fired at 0219 hit near the funnel and caused the tanker to sink, while the oil was still burning on the surface. The U-boat went to a lifeboat, questioned the survivors and gave them the course to Dominica before leaving the area 1942 - U-221 launched 1942 - U-177 & U-260 commissioned 1942 - German submarines have sunk so many tankers during the past two months that the War Production Board orders gasoline deliveries be cut 20 percent in 17 eastern states and the District of Columbia 1942 - Submarine HMS Thunderbolt (ex-HMS Thetis) sunk by Italian corvette Cicogna off Messina Strait in position 38.15N, 15.15E 1942 - At 2118, the unescorted motor tanker British Resource was torpedoed by U-124 north of Bermuda, caught fire & burned until she sank the next day. The master, 41 crewmembers and three gunners were lost. One crewmember & three gunners were picked up by corvette HMS Clarkia & landed at Hamilton, Bermuda 1942 - Minesweeper HMCS Westmount launched Levis PQ 1942 - HMC ML 070 commissioned 1942 - Submarine HMS Safari commissioned 1942 - Submarine USS Haddock commissioned 1942 - Destroyer HMS Ulysses laid down 1942 - U-133 sunk in Mediterranean outside Salamis (Saronic Gulf), Greece, in position 37.50N, 23.35E by a mine. 45 dead (all hands lost) 1942 - Destroyer escort USS Austin & Edgar G Chase laid down 1942 - Minesweeper HMAS Tamworth launched 1942 - Submarine USS Whale launched 1942 - An unarmed US collier is torpedoed and sunk by German submarine U-404 about 20 miles SE of Atlantic City, New Jersey, USA. Atlantic City and other shore resorts still haven't dimmed their lights, which German subs use to silhouette their targets 1943 - HMS Turbulent was lost, presumed mined It is believed by a variety of sources that Turbulent was actually sunk whilst transiting a minefield. Her Captain Tubby Linton VC heard a message about a possible target that was not intended for him. He was on an interception course and forgot to check for any info on minefield disposition 1943 - Minesweeper USS Threat commissioned 1943 - Destroyer escort USS Fiske launched 1943 - Canadian-owned, British-registered CPR passenger liner SS Duchess of York heavily damaged off Cape Finisterre when she was bombed by Luftwaffe a/c. She was sunk later in 1943 in another air attack in the same general area 1943 - A 6 day series of battles begins in the Atlantic. Convoys HX-229 and SC-122 are attacked by a large wolfpack of 20 German U-Boats. Through B Dienst, the Germans have enough intelligence to find the convoys and sink 21 ships. A total of 40 U-Boats had been assembled for an attack on the convoy presumed to be SC 122. First contact was made in the morning of 16 March by the "Raubgraf" group, and during that day and the following night, 8 U-Boats made contact and claimed 14 ships sunk, and 6 damaged. On the night of 16 March, a second convoy was reported 120 miles ahead of the first, this second being identified as an SC (in fact, SC122) and it was at this point it was realized that the first convoy already under attack was actually an HX (HX229). Almost half of the U-Boats participating in this - "The Biggest Convoy Operation of the War- Against HX 229 and SC 122" as it is titled in the German Naval History, scored results, and only one U-Boat was lost. The German claim was for 32 ships sunk totaling 136 000 tons, comparing with the British record of only 21 ships but aggregating 141 000 tons, plus the A/S trawler "Campo Bello". The British Admiralty Monthly A/S report - "The Germans never came so near to disrupting communication between the New World and the Old as in the first twenty days of March 1943" 1944 - Minesweeper HMAS Strahan commissioned 1944 - Minesweeper USS Clamour commissioned 1944 - Destroyer USS Meredith commissioned 1944 - Submarine USS Lizardfish laid down 1944 - U-852 torpedoed the Greek SS Peleus. In a unique case among U-boats, they machine-gunned wreckage in the waters in an attempt to remove traces of their victim and to cover their tracks 1944 - Frigate HMCS Valleyfield departed Horta escorting damaged HMCS Mulgrave under tow of HMS Dundee to Clyde 1944 - Corvette HMCS Kamsack completed forecastle extension refit Baltimore 1944 - U-1014 commissioned 1945 - U-4704 commissioned 1945 - U-714 (Type VIIC) sunk in the North Sea near the Firth of Forth, in position 55.57N, 01.57W, by depth charges from frigate SAS Natal & destroyer HMS Wivern. 50 dead (all hands lost). U-714 sank Swedish SS Magne (10 dead & 11 survivors) in Convoy FS-1756 off St Abbey Head prior to her loss 1945 - U-1021 was determined to be missing since today in the North Atlantic south of the Bristol Channel in approximate position 50.34N, 05.07W. 43 dead (all hands lost). Probably sunk in the British mine barrages A1 or ZME 25 1945 - Destroyer USS Arnold J Isbell laid down 1945 - Submarines HMS Saga & Ace launched 1945 - Destroyer USS Harold J Ellison launched 1945 - Boom defense vessel HMS Barcarole launched 1946 - Corvette HMCS Arnprior paid off Halifax 1947 - Striking ferry engineers shut down the privately owned Black Ball Line for six days 1947 - Moscow announced that 890,532 German POWs were still being held in the USSR 1957 - RCN HS 50 Sikorsky HO4S a/c #55892 ditched off Key West. Crew recovered by destroyer escort USS Cromwell USS Hancock port call Hong Kong Evi (Greek) ex-HMCS Badeck foundered off Jeddah USS Enterprise port call Hong Kong 1970 - USS Shangri-La port call Rio De Janeiro 1973 - USS Ranger port call Subic Bay 1973 - USS Coral Sea port call Pearl Harbor 1987 - Coast Guard helicopters rescue the crew of the Soviet freighter 220 miles off the coast of New Jersey. A C-130 was first on scene to the sinking Komsomolets Kirgizii and stood by the listing freighter until HH-3's from Air Station Cape Cod arrived and saved the freighter's 37-person crew 1991 - There are 64 Navy ships in the Arabian Gulf, Gulf of Oman and Northern Arabian Sea, 9 Navy ships in the Red Sea, and 22 Navy ships in the Mediterranean. USS Moosbrugger detaches from redeploying John F Kennedy battle group to undergo required maintenance in the Mediterranean 1991 - 7,954 merchantmen have been intercepted, 1,003 boardings, and 51 diversions. The Navy has conducted 555 boardings 1991 - The Emir of Kuwait returns from exile 2003 - HNLMS Tromp commissioned in Flushing 2003 - USS Paul F Foster decommissioned at Everett. Will be modified to replace ex-Decatur DDG 31 as self-defense test ship 2003 - Cdr Steven Ritchie, commander of the San Diego-based amphibious ship Mount Vernon, lost his job after allegations that he was intoxicated during a confrontation with Marines on his ship 2005 - At a ceremony held March 14, aboard the 2nd Fleet flagship USS Iwo Jima (LHD 7), Commander, US 2nd Fleet moved forward to establish an interim-capability US Combined Joint Operations from the Sea (CJOS) Center of Excellence (COE). Hosted by the United States, this CJOS COE will facilitate joint maritime expeditionary transformation in support of NATO’s Supreme Allied Commander Transformation (ACT). Second Fleet will be looking forward to the participation of NATO signatory nations to volunteer a few of their talented personnel to work side by side with the 2nd Fleet staff in developing and advancing capabilities and concepts 2005 - A new report from the US Commission on Ocean Policy, titled An Ocean Blueprint for the 21st Century, contains findings and final recommendations for a new national ocean policy that ensures sustainable use and protection of our oceans, coasts, and Great Lakes for today and far into the future. The report was released by the National Technical Information Service 2005 - A more streamlined FIFG grant funding scheme for 2005 was announced in London by UK Fisheries Minister Ben Bradshaw. Fishermen and their communities stand to benefit from financial grants offered by the FIFG scheme, which exists to help the industry restructure onto a more sustainable basis. In 2005, improvements have focussed on fish farming and mariculture projects, and grants for better and safer conditions for fishermen. The latter includes improvements to working conditions on board such as improvements to wheelhouses, galleys and sleeping accommodation and some non-mandatory safety equipment. In addition, the Government is proposing to increase the maximum grant for projects for the improvement of port facilities to £2 million 2005 - The Naval Air Systems Command today announced that the Advanced Hawkeye, the Navy’s next carrier-based tactical battle management, airborne early warning and command and control aircraft, will officially be designated the E-2D. A follow-on to the E-2C Hawkeye 2000 in combat service today, the E-2D Advanced Hawkeye will serve as a key node in network centric operations, and will play a vital role in the Navy’s transformational Sea Strike and Sea Shield operating concepts. Currently under development by NAVAIR and the Advanced Hawkeye industry team, the E-2D is expected to have an initial operating capability in 2011. Advanced Hawkeye will build on the E-2C’s current network centric capabilities, plugging into the global information grid that will connect resources in and outside of the theater of battle. The Navy will employ the E-2D for maritime, littoral and overland operations. Advanced Hawkeye will benefit from a new, higher-power rotating UHF radar antenna, the ADS-18 electronically scanned array. The E-2D’s longer detection range and smaller target discrimination will extend the platform’s traditional roles to include theater air missile defense. Other advances in the E-2D design include a tactical cockpit with three 17-inch LCD primary flight displays; navigation systems upgrades; an improved communications suite; advanced combat information center and mission data processing; and the digitally controlled NP2000 eight-bladed rotor system 2005 - In the heart of Rotterdam, the Naming Ceremony of the world's largest container vessel, P&O Nedlloyd Mondriaan, took place. The 8,400 TEU vessel has a length of 335 meters 2005 - The UK welcomed a commitment by the European Community to an early review of the data on by catch of small cetaceans in the English Channel and western approaches. The Commission was responding to a request from the UK Fisheries Minister, Ben Bradshaw, at a meeting of EU Council of Ministers in Brussels. Mr Bradshaw told the meeting that an early review was needed because of continuing high levels of bycatch and deep public concern about the problem. There was particular concern about the bass pair trawl fishery in the Western Channel, he said. The UK call received strong support for its request from Germany and Sweden. No Member State spoke against. In agreeing the UK request, Fisheries Commissioner, Joe Borg, who recently visited southwest England and heard firsthand about the problem, said cetacean bycatch was of "primary concern" to the Commission and of "personal concern" to himself. An EU wide program to tackle cetacean bycatch agreed last year requires Member States to undertake a series of measures including, observer schemes for fisheries suspected of dolphin and porpoise bycatch and the use of pingers (acoustic devices) to deter porpoises from fishing nets. But the EU legislation was not due to be reviewed until 2007/8. Under the agreement, all the data collected under the EU regulation and other national and EU research projects will be reviewed this year in order to determine whether further action is needed 2005 - A South Korean shipping company will launch a cruise route linking China with Japan via this scenic island in July, local maritime officials said. The company, a domestic agency of Malaysia's Star Cruises, will operate a weekly cruise tour between Yantai in eastern China and Nagasaki and Fukuoka, Japan, the Jeju Regional Maritime Affairs and Fisheries Office said 2005 - South Korean-registered oil tankers with a hull life of over 26 years will be banned from operating from early April, a move aimed at preventing possible oil spills. The move is in accordance with a global trend to phase out single-hull tankers that have been blamed for serious oil spills, the Ministry of Maritime Affairs and Fisheries said 2005 - Tidewater Inc. announced today that it has entered into a Letter of Intent to sell up to six of its KMAR 404 class of Anchor Handling Towing Supply vessels. The sale price, if all six vessels are ultimately sold, will amount to $202,000,000 and result in a reported financial gain of approximately $80,000,000. The transaction, as structured, calls for multiple closings throughout 2005 on five of the vessels as they end existing charters. The sixth vessel will be sold during 2005 if certain conditions are attained. Culmination of the transaction is subject to the buyer's inspection of the vessels and its securing adequate financing during the period ending April 1, 2005, and the parties entering into a definitive agreement by April 15, 2005 2005 - Two Japanese and one Filipino were captured in an attack by pirates on a Japanese-registered tugboat in Malaysian territorial waters, the Japan Coast Guard said. The International Maritime Bureau said the incident took place in the Malacca Strait. Japan asked Malaysia, Indonesia and Singapore for help in rescuing them 2005 - The Ministry of Maritime Affairs and Fisheries said that efforts were under way for Korean deep-sea fishermen to catch fish in Australian waters in the form of joint ventures or investment. The ministry said agreement was reached between Minister Oh Keo-don and Australia’s Minister of Fisheries, Forestry and Conservation Ian MacDonald on bilateral fisheries cooperation to that effect on March 12. The two ministers were attending an FAO (Food and Agriculture Organization) ministerial meeting on fisheries in Rome. To discuss the matter, the ministry plans to hold working-level talks next month. The two countries signed a fisheries pact in 1983, but little has been done in substantive terms since. It said the two ministers agreed on building a new paradigm of fisheries cooperation that includes private-sector projects 2006 - The Maritime and Coastguard Agency (MCA) will be conducting a major Exercise in Lyme Bay and the Portland area. The Exercise will revolve around a disabled large tanker requiring a tow. A Coastguard Helicopter will be used to pass a towline to the vessel, and exercises will then be conducted using rocket-line transfer from the British and French Emergency Tugs to the tanker. RFA Orangeleaf will play the tanker 2006 - The families of the 17 sailors who died in the terrorist bombing of the USS Cole are suing the Republic of Sudan for more than $100 million. The federal lawsuit, filed in Richmond VA contends that Sudan helped Osama bin Laden and al-Qaida bomb the Cole in Yemen, on Oct. 12, 2000, the Richmond Times-Dispatch reported. The northeast African country served as the headquarters for bin Laden and his fledgling al-Qaida organization from 1991 until 1996, when US pressure on Sudan forced bin Laden to relocate to Afghanistan 2006 - American Commercial Lines Inc. entered into an agreement with Canal Barge Company, Inc. to collaborate on providing towing service throughout the inland waterway system. The agreement provides for towing service, seaworthiness, regulatory compliance and inspections. It is expected the joint service will reduce waiting time for customers by improving tow size utilization and frequency of service 2006 - At just after 1030, Clyde Coastguard were contacted by Falmouth Coastguard who had received a call from the 120-meter Russian Trawler Admiral Starikov, requesting the medical evacuation of a twenty year old Russian male crewmember suffering from a confirmed case of appendicitis. Clyde Coastguard immediately tasked Valley RAF helicopter. Admiral Starikov is currently 300 miles out to sea, west of Blacksod Head and is steaming east to reduce the range for the helicopter, which is on route to re-fuel once in Blacksod, Ireland. The weather conditions are good, the male crewmember will be transferred to Sligo hospital where he will receive the medical treatment he requires 2006 - Divers will be allowed back into the water tomorrow to dive on the old navy frigate Wellington off the south coast of Wellington. However, they have been warned it is too dangerous to go inside the two stern sections of the wreck which can still be heard "creaking and groaning" as they move in the underwater tidal currents at Island Bay. The ship was ripped into three pieces during a big southerly storm 10 days ago and was closed to divers for safety reasons. Wellington Regional Harbor Master, Captain Mike Pryce, was expected to lift the dive ban at midday tomorrow. He said the bow section remained in the same place, pointing south into Cook Strait and held in place by the eight-tonne anchor which was attached to the ship when it was sunk last November. However, he said divers should be extremely careful and should think about diving inside the bow section only with a commercial diver. Captain Pryce said the stern section, thought to be about 2000 tonnes, broke off the bow section behind the gun turret and had broken in two again, leaving the wreck in three pieces. The bow section was intact and lying on its side but the two stern sections had been flattened by the huge swells 2006 - Coast Guard crews searching Galveston Bay for two fishermen on an oyster boat that did not return to port this afternoon. Toby and Joey McGennis left Crawley Seafood near Baytown, Texas, this morning aboard their gray 30-foot open skiff. Their concerned employer called Coast Guard watchstanders at Sector Houston because the fishermen were hours overdue. He reported that they normally are back by 1500. Winds are blowing at 15 knots, and the water temperature is 69 degrees. An HH-65B rescue helicopter crew from the Coast Guard's air station in Houston and a rescue boat crew from Galveston, Texas, continue to search 2006 - Coast Guard assets are responding to a dam break on Kauai after the Kauai Fire Department requested assistance at 0945. A C-130 Hercules aircraft and an HH-65 Dolphin helicopter from Coast Guard Air Station Barbers Point were on scene by 10:30 searching Kilauea Bay and the surrounding areas for several missing people who were possibly swept downstream after the dam on Kilauea Stream broke. The Coast Guard Cutter Washington, 110-foot patrol boat homeported in Honolulu Harbor, is enroute to assist with searching as well as an additional HH-65 helicopter. The search area is concentrated along the Kilauea Stream leading into the mouth of Kilauea Bay and then the ocean. One person was recovered at Kaloko Reservoir and transported to Kauai Medical Examiner Office. The Coast Guard, Hawaii Civil Defense, Kauai Fire Department and other agencies are coordinating response efforts together. Hawaii Civil Defense as activated the Emergency Response Center on Kauai 2007 - The Chief of Staff of the Malaysian Navy, Admiral Ramlan, and the Chief of Staff of the French Navy, Admiral Oudot de Dainville, were present at the ceremony commemorating the joining of the fore- and aft-sections of the first Scorpene submarine being built for the Malaysian Navy. Also in attendance were the CEO of DCN, Jean-Marie Poimbœuf, along with representatives of DCN, Armaris and Navantia 2007 - Four sailors who abandoned ship when it caught fire were rescued off the Italian coast after sending a Mayday to British coastguards. The crew from Hitchin in Hertfordshire were taking in water in a life raft when they called Solent Coastguard in Lee-on-Solent, Hampshire. The satellite call was then put through to Falmouth Coastguard in Cornwall, which coordinates international calls. The Italian Coastguard was alerted and the men were rescued in the Adriatic. Despite the complications and geography, the rescue was completed within an hour and a half. All four crew members were taken to hospital in Rimini, with one man suffering minor burns and smoke inhalation. The others were uninjured 2007 - Parliamentary debate on Trident in London 2007 - Following a contract in the summer of 2006, Qatar Shipping Co. has just taken delivery of the new pilot boat 'SHAQRA' 2007 - During the early evening of March 13, units of the USS Enterprise Carrier Strike Group (CSG) received a series of indications that USS San Juan, a Los Angeles class submarine conducting pre-deployment training with the Enterprise CSG, was in distress. Fortunately, the submarine established communications in the early morning hours of March 14, and indicated that there were no problems; hence, units were able to stand down from the search and rescue that was already well underway 2007 - Russia's new defense minister attended the Navy's headquarters and praised their good conduct in 2006 2007 - Grimaldi Group ordered five Ro-Ro Multipurpose Car Carriers for its Atlantic Services. The order was placed with Hyundai Mipo Dockyard of Ulsan and its value is at around $430 million 2007 - Sudan is responsible for the bombing of the USS Cole which killed 17 sailors in 2000, a US judge has ruled 2007 - The US Coast Guard terminated the Deepwater Fast Response Cutter-B acquisition currently with Integrated Coast Guard Systems and reassigned the project to the Coast Guard’s Acquisition Directorate 2007 - Vice Adm. Vivien S. Crea, vice commandant of the USCG and a host of senior Coast Guard leaders, local officials and industry representatives officially dedicated a new high-tech training facility at the Coast Guard's training center at Petaluma CA 2007 - AA Turki Corporation (ATCO) has recently taken delivery of a new pilot boat named 'PILOT-13' from Damen Shipyards Gorinchem 2007 - British and Dutch submarines cleared by French court officials of any involvement in the sinking of a French trawler off the Cornish coast. The Bugaled Breizh sank off the Lizard in January 2004. Its five crew died. French prosecutors said documents sent by the Royal Navy and the Dutch navy showed submarines from neither fleet were in the area when it happened 2007 Third South African Type 209 submarine named SAS Queen Modjadji ============================================================= Sources: Colton Shipping Report, NOAA, MARAD, Marine Digest, Leo Pettipas, Kommersant, Samuel Loring Morison, Frank Pierce Young, Navy Times, Naval Institute Proceedings, www.uboat.net, Andrew Etherington, John Nicholas, US Naval Historical Center, Ministry of Defense, US Coast Guard, Thomas N. Carlson, Jack Arrowsmith, Allan Snowie, Ken Hansen, Andy Barber, John Weiss, Jack McKillop, Bernard de Neumann, Sympatico Today in History, Washington History Link, Lloyds List, Fairplay, New York Times, I-Newswire and other news sources in the public domain. Additions, submissions and corrections are always welcomed. ============================================================= Today in History Archives at: http://www.seawaves.com/newsletters/today_in_history_archive.htm Copyright 2008 Shirlaw News Group ISSN 1710-6966 Photos courtesy of US Naval Historical Center, US Coast Guard Historical Center, Wikipedia Encyclopedia or Naval Museum of Manitoba unless otherwise noted. Images may be subject to copyright. Ask before you right-click.